Get to know the package and data type:

First, we have to load the package:

# if necessary: 
# install.packages("jsonlite")
# install.packages("RJSONIO")
library(jsonlite)
library(tidyverse)
library(RJSONIO)

First, what does JSON actually look like?

Simplification is the process where JSON arrays automatically get converted from a list into a more specific R class. The fromJSON function has 3 arguments which control the simplification process: simplifyVector, simplifyDataFrame and simplifyMatrix. Each one is enabled by default.

# We can write own JSON data (just for demonstration):

todays_instructors <-
'[
{
"Name": "Milan",
"Age": 25,
"Programme": "MIA",
"Likes_IDS_class": "true"
},
{
"Name": "Sangeeth",
"Age": 25,
"Programme": "MPP",
"Likes_IDS_class": "NA"
}
]'

Remember the chart from our presentation? That’s exactly what we did here!

RJSONIO::isValidJSON(todays_instructors, 
                     asText = T)
TRUE [1] TRUE
# note that if we would e.g. have forgotten some "", it wouldn't be a valid JSON object.

Our Data is actually a valid JSON object!

print(todays_instructors)
TRUE [1] "[\n{\n\"Name\": \"Milan\",\n\"Age\": 25,\n\"Programme\": \"MIA\",\n\"Likes_IDS_class\": \"true\"\n},\n{\n\"Name\": \"Sangeeth\",\n\"Age\": 25,\n\"Programme\": \"MPP\",\n\"Likes_IDS_class\": \"NA\"\n}\n]"

Not very easy to read (or use) as raw text… let’s convert it (using one of two key functions of the ‘jsonlite’ package: ‘fromJSON’)

(not_simplified <- jsonlite::fromJSON(todays_instructors, 
                                      simplifyDataFrame = F))
TRUE [[1]]
TRUE [[1]]$Name
TRUE [1] "Milan"
TRUE 
TRUE [[1]]$Age
TRUE [1] 25
TRUE 
TRUE [[1]]$Programme
TRUE [1] "MIA"
TRUE 
TRUE [[1]]$Likes_IDS_class
TRUE [1] "true"
TRUE 
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]
TRUE [[2]]$Name
TRUE [1] "Sangeeth"
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]$Age
TRUE [1] 25
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]$Programme
TRUE [1] "MPP"
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]$Likes_IDS_class
TRUE [1] "NA"

Looks somehow familiar?! It’s basically the structure of a (named) list in R

str(not_simplified)
TRUE List of 2
TRUE  $ :List of 4
TRUE   ..$ Name           : chr "Milan"
TRUE   ..$ Age            : int 25
TRUE   ..$ Programme      : chr "MIA"
TRUE   ..$ Likes_IDS_class: chr "true"
TRUE  $ :List of 4
TRUE   ..$ Name           : chr "Sangeeth"
TRUE   ..$ Age            : int 25
TRUE   ..$ Programme      : chr "MPP"
TRUE   ..$ Likes_IDS_class: chr "NA"

More specifically, it’s a list of 2 which each represent lists of each key-value pair

…but it’s still rather difficult to access (especially if you want multiple values…)

not_simplified[[1]]$Likes_IDS_class
TRUE [1] "true"

short excurse: ‘RJSONIO’

Just to show that there is another package that deals with JSON data in R:

The ‘RJSONIO’ package also has a command called ‘fromJSON’, which gives us a slightly different structure:

(alternative_list <- RJSONIO::fromJSON(todays_instructors, 
                                       simplify = T))
TRUE [[1]]
TRUE            Name             Age       Programme Likes_IDS_class 
TRUE         "Milan"     "25.000000"           "MIA"          "true" 
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]
TRUE            Name             Age       Programme Likes_IDS_class 
TRUE      "Sangeeth"     "25.000000"           "MPP"            "NA"
str(alternative_list)
TRUE List of 2
TRUE  $ : Named chr [1:4] "Milan" "25.000000" "MIA" "true"
TRUE   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "Name" "Age" "Programme" "Likes_IDS_class"
TRUE  $ : Named chr [1:4] "Sangeeth" "25.000000" "MPP" "NA"
TRUE   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "Name" "Age" "Programme" "Likes_IDS_class"

This gives us a list of 2 named vectors… that looks very much like a dataframe… and can easily be transformed:

as.data.frame(alternative_list)
# unload RJSONIO package, to avoid confusion of functions:
detach("package:RJSONIO")

But: it’s a 4x2 dataframe, with variables as rows and cases as columns… not what R would usually expect. So better stick to ‘jsonlite’

back to ‘jsonlite’

We can do for the first list from ‘jsonlite’´s ‘fromJSON’:

bind_rows(not_simplified[[1]] %>% 
            as_data_frame(), 
          not_simplified[[2]] %>% 
            as_data_frame())

… but both is rather lengthy…

Luckily, ‘jsonlite’ allows us to do all that in just one step, using the ‘simplified’ option (which is also set to ‘true’ by default!)

(simplified <- jsonlite::fromJSON(todays_instructors, 
                                  simplifyDataFrame = T))

… And JSON can store more complex structures like nested objects:

Think of them as lists, that may contain, values, vectors, dataframes, or even other lists.

nested_object <- 
'[
{
"value": 42,
"array": [1,2],
"array": [99,98],
"matrix": [[1,2],[3,4]],
"list": {"first": 42, "second": 3.141593, "last": "MMXXI", "addition": {"another list": ["a", "b", "C"]}}
},
{
"something": [99,-10],
"value": 33,
"array": [3,4,5,6]
}
]'

# Note that "array" occurs twice in one object. The second entry is just ignored when converted!

But can we change this structure to a dataframe, too?

(nested_df <- fromJSON(nested_object))
nested_df$array
TRUE [[1]]
TRUE [1] 1 2
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]
TRUE [1] 3 4 5 6
nested_df$matrix
TRUE [[1]]
TRUE      [,1] [,2]
TRUE [1,]    1    2
TRUE [2,]    3    4
TRUE 
TRUE [[2]]
TRUE NULL
nested_df$list

Second key command: ‘toJSON’

We can convert objects from JSON, so of course we also can convert them back:

## Change data frame to JSON
(not_pretty <- toJSON(starwars, pretty = FALSE)) # that's the default!
TRUE [{"name":"Luke Skywalker","height":172,"mass":77,"hair_color":"blond","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":19,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":["Snowspeeder","Imperial Speeder Bike"],"starships":["X-wing","Imperial shuttle"]},{"name":"C-3PO","height":167,"mass":75,"skin_color":"gold","eye_color":"yellow","birth_year":112,"sex":"none","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Droid","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"R2-D2","height":96,"mass":32,"skin_color":"white, blue","eye_color":"red","birth_year":33,"sex":"none","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Droid","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Darth Vader","height":202,"mass":136,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"white","eye_color":"yellow","birth_year":41.9,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["TIE Advanced x1"]},{"name":"Leia Organa","height":150,"mass":49,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":19,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Alderaan","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":["Imperial Speeder Bike"],"starships":[]},{"name":"Owen Lars","height":178,"mass":120,"hair_color":"brown, grey","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":52,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Beru Whitesun lars","height":165,"mass":75,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":47,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"R5-D4","height":97,"mass":32,"skin_color":"white, red","eye_color":"red","sex":"none","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Droid","films":["A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Biggs Darklighter","height":183,"mass":84,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":24,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["X-wing"]},{"name":"Obi-Wan Kenobi","height":182,"mass":77,"hair_color":"auburn, white","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue-gray","birth_year":57,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Stewjon","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope"],"vehicles":["Tribubble bongo"],"starships":["Jedi starfighter","Trade Federation cruiser","Naboo star skiff","Jedi Interceptor","Belbullab-22 starfighter"]},{"name":"Anakin Skywalker","height":188,"mass":84,"hair_color":"blond","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":41.9,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":["Zephyr-G swoop bike","XJ-6 airspeeder"],"starships":["Trade Federation cruiser","Jedi Interceptor","Naboo fighter"]},{"name":"Wilhuff Tarkin","height":180,"hair_color":"auburn, grey","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":64,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Eriadu","species":"Human","films":["Revenge of the Sith","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Chewbacca","height":228,"mass":112,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"unknown","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":200,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Kashyyyk","species":"Wookiee","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":["AT-ST"],"starships":["Millennium Falcon","Imperial shuttle"]},{"name":"Han Solo","height":180,"mass":80,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":29,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Corellia","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Millennium Falcon","Imperial shuttle"]},{"name":"Greedo","height":173,"mass":74,"skin_color":"green","eye_color":"black","birth_year":44,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Rodia","species":"Rodian","films":["A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Jabba Desilijic Tiure","height":175,"mass":1358,"skin_color":"green-tan, brown","eye_color":"orange","birth_year":600,"sex":"hermaphroditic","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Nal Hutta","species":"Hutt","films":["The Phantom Menace","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Wedge Antilles","height":170,"mass":77,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"hazel","birth_year":21,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Corellia","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Return of the Jedi","A New Hope"],"vehicles":["Snowspeeder"],"starships":["X-wing"]},{"name":"Jek Tono Porkins","height":180,"mass":110,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Bestine IV","species":"Human","films":["A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["X-wing"]},{"name":"Yoda","height":66,"mass":17,"hair_color":"white","skin_color":"green","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":896,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","species":"Yoda's species","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Palpatine","height":170,"mass":75,"hair_color":"grey","skin_color":"pale","eye_color":"yellow","birth_year":82,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith","Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Boba Fett","height":183,"mass":78.2,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":31.5,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Kamino","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Attack of the Clones","Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Slave 1"]},{"name":"IG-88","height":200,"mass":140,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"metal","eye_color":"red","birth_year":15,"sex":"none","gender":"masculine","species":"Droid","films":["The Empire Strikes Back"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Bossk","height":190,"mass":113,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"green","eye_color":"red","birth_year":53,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Trandosha","species":"Trandoshan","films":["The Empire Strikes Back"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Lando Calrissian","height":177,"mass":79,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":31,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Socorro","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back","Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Millennium Falcon"]},{"name":"Lobot","height":175,"mass":79,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":37,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Bespin","species":"Human","films":["The Empire Strikes Back"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ackbar","height":180,"mass":83,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"brown mottle","eye_color":"orange","birth_year":41,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Mon Cala","species":"Mon Calamari","films":["Return of the Jedi","The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Mon Mothma","height":150,"hair_color":"auburn","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":48,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Chandrila","species":"Human","films":["Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Arvel Crynyd","hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"brown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","species":"Human","films":["Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["A-wing"]},{"name":"Wicket Systri Warrick","height":88,"mass":20,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"brown","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":8,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Endor","species":"Ewok","films":["Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Nien Nunb","height":160,"mass":68,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"black","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Sullust","species":"Sullustan","films":["Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Millennium Falcon"]},{"name":"Qui-Gon Jinn","height":193,"mass":89,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":92,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","species":"Human","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":["Tribubble bongo"],"starships":[]},{"name":"Nute Gunray","height":191,"mass":90,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"mottled green","eye_color":"red","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Cato Neimoidia","species":"Neimodian","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Finis Valorum","height":170,"hair_color":"blond","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":91,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Coruscant","species":"Human","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Jar Jar Binks","height":196,"mass":66,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"orange","eye_color":"orange","birth_year":52,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Gungan","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Roos Tarpals","height":224,"mass":82,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"orange","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Gungan","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Rugor Nass","height":206,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"green","eye_color":"orange","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Gungan","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ric Olié","height":183,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","homeworld":"Naboo","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Naboo Royal Starship"]},{"name":"Watto","height":137,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"blue, grey","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Toydaria","species":"Toydarian","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Sebulba","height":112,"mass":40,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey, red","eye_color":"orange","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Malastare","species":"Dug","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Quarsh Panaka","height":183,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":62,"homeworld":"Naboo","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Shmi Skywalker","height":163,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":72,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Darth Maul","height":175,"mass":80,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"red","eye_color":"yellow","birth_year":54,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Dathomir","species":"Zabrak","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":["Sith speeder"],"starships":["Scimitar"]},{"name":"Bib Fortuna","height":180,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"pale","eye_color":"pink","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Ryloth","species":"Twi'lek","films":["Return of the Jedi"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ayla Secura","height":178,"mass":55,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"blue","eye_color":"hazel","birth_year":48,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Ryloth","species":"Twi'lek","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Dud Bolt","height":94,"mass":45,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"blue, grey","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Vulpter","species":"Vulptereen","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Gasgano","height":122,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"white, blue","eye_color":"black","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Troiken","species":"Xexto","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ben Quadinaros","height":163,"mass":65,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey, green, yellow","eye_color":"orange","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tund","species":"Toong","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Mace Windu","height":188,"mass":84,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":72,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Haruun Kal","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ki-Adi-Mundi","height":198,"mass":82,"hair_color":"white","skin_color":"pale","eye_color":"yellow","birth_year":92,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Cerea","species":"Cerean","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Kit Fisto","height":196,"mass":87,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"green","eye_color":"black","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Glee Anselm","species":"Nautolan","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Eeth Koth","height":171,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"brown","eye_color":"brown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Iridonia","species":"Zabrak","films":["The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Adi Gallia","height":184,"mass":50,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"blue","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Coruscant","species":"Tholothian","films":["The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Saesee Tiin","height":188,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"pale","eye_color":"orange","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Iktotch","species":"Iktotchi","films":["The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Yarael Poof","height":264,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"white","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Quermia","species":"Quermian","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Plo Koon","height":188,"mass":80,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"orange","eye_color":"black","birth_year":22,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Dorin","species":"Kel Dor","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Jedi starfighter"]},{"name":"Mas Amedda","height":196,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"blue","eye_color":"blue","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Champala","species":"Chagrian","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Gregar Typho","height":185,"mass":85,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"brown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["Naboo fighter"]},{"name":"Cordé","height":157,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Cliegg Lars","height":183,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":82,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Tatooine","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Poggle the Lesser","height":183,"mass":80,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"green","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Geonosis","species":"Geonosian","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Luminara Unduli","height":170,"mass":56.2,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"yellow","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":58,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Mirial","species":"Mirialan","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Barriss Offee","height":166,"mass":50,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"yellow","eye_color":"blue","birth_year":40,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Mirial","species":"Mirialan","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Dormé","height":165,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Dooku","height":193,"mass":80,"hair_color":"white","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":102,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Serenno","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":["Flitknot speeder"],"starships":[]},{"name":"Bail Prestor Organa","height":191,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"tan","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":67,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Alderaan","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Jango Fett","height":183,"mass":79,"hair_color":"black","skin_color":"tan","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":66,"sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Concord Dawn","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Zam Wesell","height":168,"mass":55,"hair_color":"blonde","skin_color":"fair, green, yellow","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Zolan","species":"Clawdite","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":["Koro-2 Exodrive airspeeder"],"starships":[]},{"name":"Dexter Jettster","height":198,"mass":102,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"brown","eye_color":"yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Ojom","species":"Besalisk","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Lama Su","height":229,"mass":88,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"black","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Kamino","species":"Kaminoan","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Taun We","height":213,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"black","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Kamino","species":"Kaminoan","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Jocasta Nu","height":167,"hair_color":"white","skin_color":"fair","eye_color":"blue","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Coruscant","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Ratts Tyerell","height":79,"mass":15,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey, blue","eye_color":"unknown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Aleen Minor","species":"Aleena","films":["The Phantom Menace"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"R4-P17","height":96,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"silver, red","eye_color":"red, blue","sex":"none","gender":"feminine","species":"Droid","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Wat Tambor","height":193,"mass":48,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"green, grey","eye_color":"unknown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Skako","species":"Skakoan","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"San Hill","height":191,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"gold","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Muunilinst","species":"Muun","films":["Attack of the Clones"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Shaak Ti","height":178,"mass":57,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"red, blue, white","eye_color":"black","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Shili","species":"Togruta","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Grievous","height":216,"mass":159,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"brown, white","eye_color":"green, yellow","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Kalee","species":"Kaleesh","films":["Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":["Tsmeu-6 personal wheel bike"],"starships":["Belbullab-22 starfighter"]},{"name":"Tarfful","height":234,"mass":136,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"brown","eye_color":"blue","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Kashyyyk","species":"Wookiee","films":["Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Raymus Antilles","height":188,"mass":79,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Alderaan","species":"Human","films":["Revenge of the Sith","A New Hope"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Sly Moore","height":178,"mass":48,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"pale","eye_color":"white","homeworld":"Umbara","films":["Attack of the Clones","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Tion Medon","height":206,"mass":80,"hair_color":"none","skin_color":"grey","eye_color":"black","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","homeworld":"Utapau","species":"Pau'an","films":["Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Finn","hair_color":"black","skin_color":"dark","eye_color":"dark","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","species":"Human","films":["The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Rey","hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"hazel","sex":"female","gender":"feminine","species":"Human","films":["The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Poe Dameron","hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","sex":"male","gender":"masculine","species":"Human","films":["The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["T-70 X-wing fighter"]},{"name":"BB8","hair_color":"none","skin_color":"none","eye_color":"black","sex":"none","gender":"masculine","species":"Droid","films":["The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Captain Phasma","hair_color":"unknown","skin_color":"unknown","eye_color":"unknown","films":["The Force Awakens"],"vehicles":[],"starships":[]},{"name":"Padmé Amidala","height":165,"mass":45,"hair_color":"brown","skin_color":"light","eye_color":"brown","birth_year":46,"sex":"female","gender":"feminine","homeworld":"Naboo","species":"Human","films":["Attack of the Clones","The Phantom Menace","Revenge of the Sith"],"vehicles":[],"starships":["H-type Nubian yacht","Naboo star skiff","Naboo fighter"]}]
(pretty <- starwars %>% toJSON(pretty = TRUE))
TRUE [
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Luke Skywalker",
TRUE     "height": 172,
TRUE     "mass": 77,
TRUE     "hair_color": "blond",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 19,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Snowspeeder", "Imperial Speeder Bike"],
TRUE     "starships": ["X-wing", "Imperial shuttle"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "C-3PO",
TRUE     "height": 167,
TRUE     "mass": 75,
TRUE     "skin_color": "gold",
TRUE     "eye_color": "yellow",
TRUE     "birth_year": 112,
TRUE     "sex": "none",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Droid",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "R2-D2",
TRUE     "height": 96,
TRUE     "mass": 32,
TRUE     "skin_color": "white, blue",
TRUE     "eye_color": "red",
TRUE     "birth_year": 33,
TRUE     "sex": "none",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Naboo",
TRUE     "species": "Droid",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Darth Vader",
TRUE     "height": 202,
TRUE     "mass": 136,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "white",
TRUE     "eye_color": "yellow",
TRUE     "birth_year": 41.9,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["TIE Advanced x1"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Leia Organa",
TRUE     "height": 150,
TRUE     "mass": 49,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "light",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 19,
TRUE     "sex": "female",
TRUE     "gender": "feminine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Alderaan",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Imperial Speeder Bike"],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Owen Lars",
TRUE     "height": 178,
TRUE     "mass": 120,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown, grey",
TRUE     "skin_color": "light",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 52,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "Revenge of the Sith", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Beru Whitesun lars",
TRUE     "height": 165,
TRUE     "mass": 75,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "light",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 47,
TRUE     "sex": "female",
TRUE     "gender": "feminine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "Revenge of the Sith", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "R5-D4",
TRUE     "height": 97,
TRUE     "mass": 32,
TRUE     "skin_color": "white, red",
TRUE     "eye_color": "red",
TRUE     "sex": "none",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Droid",
TRUE     "films": ["A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Biggs Darklighter",
TRUE     "height": 183,
TRUE     "mass": 84,
TRUE     "hair_color": "black",
TRUE     "skin_color": "light",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 24,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["X-wing"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Obi-Wan Kenobi",
TRUE     "height": 182,
TRUE     "mass": 77,
TRUE     "hair_color": "auburn, white",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue-gray",
TRUE     "birth_year": 57,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Stewjon",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Tribubble bongo"],
TRUE     "starships": ["Jedi starfighter", "Trade Federation cruiser", "Naboo star skiff", "Jedi Interceptor", "Belbullab-22 starfighter"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Anakin Skywalker",
TRUE     "height": 188,
TRUE     "mass": 84,
TRUE     "hair_color": "blond",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 41.9,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Zephyr-G swoop bike", "XJ-6 airspeeder"],
TRUE     "starships": ["Trade Federation cruiser", "Jedi Interceptor", "Naboo fighter"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Wilhuff Tarkin",
TRUE     "height": 180,
TRUE     "hair_color": "auburn, grey",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 64,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Eriadu",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Revenge of the Sith", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Chewbacca",
TRUE     "height": 228,
TRUE     "mass": 112,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "unknown",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 200,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Kashyyyk",
TRUE     "species": "Wookiee",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["AT-ST"],
TRUE     "starships": ["Millennium Falcon", "Imperial shuttle"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Han Solo",
TRUE     "height": 180,
TRUE     "mass": 80,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 29,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Corellia",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["Millennium Falcon", "Imperial shuttle"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Greedo",
TRUE     "height": 173,
TRUE     "mass": 74,
TRUE     "skin_color": "green",
TRUE     "eye_color": "black",
TRUE     "birth_year": 44,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Rodia",
TRUE     "species": "Rodian",
TRUE     "films": ["A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Jabba Desilijic Tiure",
TRUE     "height": 175,
TRUE     "mass": 1358,
TRUE     "skin_color": "green-tan, brown",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "birth_year": 600,
TRUE     "sex": "hermaphroditic",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Nal Hutta",
TRUE     "species": "Hutt",
TRUE     "films": ["The Phantom Menace", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Wedge Antilles",
TRUE     "height": 170,
TRUE     "mass": 77,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "hazel",
TRUE     "birth_year": 21,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Corellia",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of the Jedi", "A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Snowspeeder"],
TRUE     "starships": ["X-wing"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Jek Tono Porkins",
TRUE     "height": 180,
TRUE     "mass": 110,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Bestine IV",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["A New Hope"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["X-wing"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Yoda",
TRUE     "height": 66,
TRUE     "mass": 17,
TRUE     "hair_color": "white",
TRUE     "skin_color": "green",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 896,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "species": "Yoda's species",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Palpatine",
TRUE     "height": 170,
TRUE     "mass": 75,
TRUE     "hair_color": "grey",
TRUE     "skin_color": "pale",
TRUE     "eye_color": "yellow",
TRUE     "birth_year": 82,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Naboo",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith", "Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Boba Fett",
TRUE     "height": 183,
TRUE     "mass": 78.2,
TRUE     "hair_color": "black",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 31.5,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Kamino",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Attack of the Clones", "Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["Slave 1"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "IG-88",
TRUE     "height": 200,
TRUE     "mass": 140,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "metal",
TRUE     "eye_color": "red",
TRUE     "birth_year": 15,
TRUE     "sex": "none",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "species": "Droid",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Bossk",
TRUE     "height": 190,
TRUE     "mass": 113,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "green",
TRUE     "eye_color": "red",
TRUE     "birth_year": 53,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Trandosha",
TRUE     "species": "Trandoshan",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Lando Calrissian",
TRUE     "height": 177,
TRUE     "mass": 79,
TRUE     "hair_color": "black",
TRUE     "skin_color": "dark",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 31,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Socorro",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["Millennium Falcon"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Lobot",
TRUE     "height": 175,
TRUE     "mass": 79,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "light",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 37,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Bespin",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Empire Strikes Back"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Ackbar",
TRUE     "height": 180,
TRUE     "mass": 83,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "brown mottle",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "birth_year": 41,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Mon Cala",
TRUE     "species": "Mon Calamari",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi", "The Force Awakens"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Mon Mothma",
TRUE     "height": 150,
TRUE     "hair_color": "auburn",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 48,
TRUE     "sex": "female",
TRUE     "gender": "feminine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Chandrila",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Arvel Crynyd",
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["A-wing"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Wicket Systri Warrick",
TRUE     "height": 88,
TRUE     "mass": 20,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "brown",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
TRUE     "birth_year": 8,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Endor",
TRUE     "species": "Ewok",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Nien Nunb",
TRUE     "height": 160,
TRUE     "mass": 68,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "grey",
TRUE     "eye_color": "black",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Sullust",
TRUE     "species": "Sullustan",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["Millennium Falcon"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Qui-Gon Jinn",
TRUE     "height": 193,
TRUE     "mass": 89,
TRUE     "hair_color": "brown",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 92,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Phantom Menace"],
TRUE     "vehicles": ["Tribubble bongo"],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Nute Gunray",
TRUE     "height": 191,
TRUE     "mass": 90,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "mottled green",
TRUE     "eye_color": "red",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Cato Neimoidia",
TRUE     "species": "Neimodian",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Finis Valorum",
TRUE     "height": 170,
TRUE     "hair_color": "blond",
TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
TRUE     "birth_year": 91,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Coruscant",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
TRUE     "films": ["The Phantom Menace"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Jar Jar Binks",
TRUE     "height": 196,
TRUE     "mass": 66,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "orange",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "birth_year": 52,
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Naboo",
TRUE     "species": "Gungan",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Roos Tarpals",
TRUE     "height": 224,
TRUE     "mass": 82,
TRUE     "hair_color": "none",
TRUE     "skin_color": "grey",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Rugor Nass",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "green",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
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TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Ric Olié",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "blue",
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TRUE     "films": ["The Phantom Menace"],
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TRUE     "starships": ["Naboo Royal Starship"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Watto",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "blue, grey",
TRUE     "eye_color": "yellow",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Toydaria",
TRUE     "species": "Toydarian",
TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace"],
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TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Sebulba",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "grey, red",
TRUE     "eye_color": "orange",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Malastare",
TRUE     "species": "Dug",
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TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Quarsh Panaka",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "dark",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
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TRUE     "films": ["The Phantom Menace"],
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Shmi Skywalker",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "fair",
TRUE     "eye_color": "brown",
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TRUE     "sex": "female",
TRUE     "gender": "feminine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Tatooine",
TRUE     "species": "Human",
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TRUE     "starships": []
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Darth Maul",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Dathomir",
TRUE     "species": "Zabrak",
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TRUE     "starships": ["Scimitar"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Bib Fortuna",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "pale",
TRUE     "eye_color": "pink",
TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Ryloth",
TRUE     "species": "Twi'lek",
TRUE     "films": ["Return of the Jedi"],
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Ayla Secura",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Dud Bolt",
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TRUE     "sex": "male",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Vulpter",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Gasgano",
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TRUE     "skin_color": "white, blue",
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TRUE     "sex": "male",
TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Troiken",
TRUE     "species": "Xexto",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Ben Quadinaros",
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TRUE     "sex": "male",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Tund",
TRUE     "species": "Toong",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Mace Windu",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Haruun Kal",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Ki-Adi-Mundi",
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TRUE     "sex": "male",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Cerea",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Kit Fisto",
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TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Glee Anselm",
TRUE     "species": "Nautolan",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Eeth Koth",
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TRUE     "homeworld": "Iridonia",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Adi Gallia",
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TRUE     "gender": "feminine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Coruscant",
TRUE     "species": "Tholothian",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Saesee Tiin",
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TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Iktotch",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Yarael Poof",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
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TRUE     "starships": ["Jedi starfighter"]
TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Mas Amedda",
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TRUE     "gender": "masculine",
TRUE     "homeworld": "Champala",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
TRUE     "name": "Cliegg Lars",
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TRUE   },
TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE   {
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TRUE     "films": ["Attack of the Clones", "The Phantom Menace", "Revenge of the Sith"],
TRUE     "vehicles": [],
TRUE     "starships": ["H-type Nubian yacht", "Naboo star skiff", "Naboo fighter"]
TRUE   }
TRUE ]

See it in Action

Let’s try it out, using the (GitHub API):

(workshops = jsonlite::fromJSON("https://api.github.com/orgs/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/repos"))

Let’s see what’s in it…

names(workshops)
TRUE  [1] "id"                "node_id"           "name"             
TRUE  [4] "full_name"         "private"           "owner"            
TRUE  [7] "html_url"          "description"       "fork"             
TRUE [10] "url"               "forks_url"         "keys_url"         
TRUE [13] "collaborators_url" "teams_url"         "hooks_url"        
TRUE [16] "issue_events_url"  "events_url"        "assignees_url"    
TRUE [19] "branches_url"      "tags_url"          "blobs_url"        
TRUE [22] "git_tags_url"      "git_refs_url"      "trees_url"        
TRUE [25] "statuses_url"      "languages_url"     "stargazers_url"   
TRUE [28] "contributors_url"  "subscribers_url"   "subscription_url" 
TRUE [31] "commits_url"       "git_commits_url"   "comments_url"     
TRUE [34] "issue_comment_url" "contents_url"      "compare_url"      
TRUE [37] "merges_url"        "archive_url"       "downloads_url"    
TRUE [40] "issues_url"        "pulls_url"         "milestones_url"   
TRUE [43] "notifications_url" "labels_url"        "releases_url"     
TRUE [46] "deployments_url"   "created_at"        "updated_at"       
TRUE [49] "pushed_at"         "git_url"           "ssh_url"          
TRUE [52] "clone_url"         "svn_url"           "homepage"         
TRUE [55] "size"              "stargazers_count"  "watchers_count"   
TRUE [58] "language"          "has_issues"        "has_projects"     
TRUE [61] "has_downloads"     "has_wiki"          "has_pages"        
TRUE [64] "forks_count"       "mirror_url"        "archived"         
TRUE [67] "disabled"          "open_issues_count" "license"          
TRUE [70] "allow_forking"     "is_template"       "topics"           
TRUE [73] "visibility"        "forks"             "open_issues"      
TRUE [76] "watchers"          "default_branch"    "permissions"

We can call, index, or select variables, just as in any dataframe in R!

workshops$name 
TRUE  [1] "workshop-presentations"                              
TRUE  [2] "06-KaiFoerster-string_manipulation"                  
TRUE  [3] "13-stevenkerr-interactive_graphics"                  
TRUE  [4] "01-GabrieldaSilvaZech-JSON-jsonlite"                 
TRUE  [5] "15-LisaPramann-CSR-with-sf"                          
TRUE  [6] "14-FedericoMammana-Quanteda-"                        
TRUE  [7] "00-simonmunzert-template-repo"                       
TRUE  [8] "intro-to-data-science-21-workshop.github.io"         
TRUE  [9] "14-LauraMenicacci-quanteda"                          
TRUE [10] "07-EduardoCampbell-DataCleaning-Janitor"             
TRUE [11] "15-HannahSchweren-CRS-with-sf"                       
TRUE [12] "10-EstebanGracia-Lubridate"                          
TRUE [13] "05-AngelaDuarte-RegExp"                              
TRUE [14] "04-HelenaBakic-CreatingAPIs-plumber"                 
TRUE [15] "16-JohannesHalkenhaeusser-GeocodingwithSF"           
TRUE [16] "05-LukasWarode-Regex_with_stringr"                   
TRUE [17] "16-FernandaCandidoGomes-GeocodingwithSF"             
TRUE [18] "11_JohannaMehler-NetworkGraphs"                      
TRUE [19] "09-MaAdelleGiaArbo-DataWrangling-data.table"         
TRUE [20] "03-ReedGarvin-Dynamic_web_scraping-_with_RSelenium"  
TRUE [21] "08-VictorMoeslein-categoricalvariables-forcats"      
TRUE [22] "17-KabirSandrolini-Temporal-data-with-tsibble"       
TRUE [23] "12-FlorianWinkler-Leaflet"                           
TRUE [24] "01-MilanSchroeder-jsonlite"                          
TRUE [25] "08-zairagonzalezmora-categoricalvariableswithforcats"
TRUE [26] "03-Lai-Luna-Dynamic_web_scraping-_with_RSelenium-"   
TRUE [27] "02-ChristineCepelak-ConnectingtoWebAPIs"             
TRUE [28] "02-CarolineCavallari-Connecting-to-Web-APIs"         
TRUE [29] "09-JuliaEllingwood-data.table_data_wrangling"        
TRUE [30] "18-HimanshiGautam-string-manipulation-stringr"
workshops[[10]]
TRUE  [1] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/workshop-presentations"                              
TRUE  [2] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/06-KaiFoerster-string_manipulation"                  
TRUE  [3] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/13-stevenkerr-interactive_graphics"                  
TRUE  [4] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/01-GabrieldaSilvaZech-JSON-jsonlite"                 
TRUE  [5] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/15-LisaPramann-CSR-with-sf"                          
TRUE  [6] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/14-FedericoMammana-Quanteda-"                        
TRUE  [7] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/00-simonmunzert-template-repo"                       
TRUE  [8] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop.github.io"         
TRUE  [9] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/14-LauraMenicacci-quanteda"                          
TRUE [10] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/07-EduardoCampbell-DataCleaning-Janitor"             
TRUE [11] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/15-HannahSchweren-CRS-with-sf"                       
TRUE [12] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/10-EstebanGracia-Lubridate"                          
TRUE [13] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/05-AngelaDuarte-RegExp"                              
TRUE [14] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/04-HelenaBakic-CreatingAPIs-plumber"                 
TRUE [15] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/16-JohannesHalkenhaeusser-GeocodingwithSF"           
TRUE [16] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/05-LukasWarode-Regex_with_stringr"                   
TRUE [17] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/16-FernandaCandidoGomes-GeocodingwithSF"             
TRUE [18] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/11_JohannaMehler-NetworkGraphs"                      
TRUE [19] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/09-MaAdelleGiaArbo-DataWrangling-data.table"         
TRUE [20] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/03-ReedGarvin-Dynamic_web_scraping-_with_RSelenium"  
TRUE [21] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/08-VictorMoeslein-categoricalvariables-forcats"      
TRUE [22] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/17-KabirSandrolini-Temporal-data-with-tsibble"       
TRUE [23] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/12-FlorianWinkler-Leaflet"                           
TRUE [24] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/01-MilanSchroeder-jsonlite"                          
TRUE [25] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/08-zairagonzalezmora-categoricalvariableswithforcats"
TRUE [26] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/03-Lai-Luna-Dynamic_web_scraping-_with_RSelenium-"   
TRUE [27] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/02-ChristineCepelak-ConnectingtoWebAPIs"             
TRUE [28] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/02-CarolineCavallari-Connecting-to-Web-APIs"         
TRUE [29] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/09-JuliaEllingwood-data.table_data_wrangling"        
TRUE [30] "https://api.github.com/repos/intro-to-data-science-21-workshop/18-HimanshiGautam-string-manipulation-stringr"
workshops %>% select(name, description, updated_at)

They all sound super interesting, so make sure to check them out!

Now it’s your turn!

try to load the data in the folder, manipulate it (either in JSON-Format or converted to a tibble), and convert it back!

try for example: https://pokeapi.co/api/v2/pokedex or use the ‘palmerpenguins::penguins’, or ‘cars’ dataset.

# Your code here:

Sources

If we got you interested, there are some really good resources online, that help you getting started with JSON/jsonlite:

Prepared for Intro to Data Science, taught by Simon Munzert

Hertie School, Berlin

<a href=“https://github.com/intro-to-data-science-21”